LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF DRONE CARRIERS COMMERCIALLY IN INDONESIA
(Legal Liability of Carriage Using Drones For Commercial In Indonesia)

Introduction

A bee colony has a division of labor between the parent, called the QUEEN BEE, and the male bee, called the drone. The Queen Bee has the task of laying thousands of eggs to continue the new generation, if there is more than one female, they fight so that the one who remains alive is appointed as the queen bee called Queen Bee whose job is to lay eggs, the eggs of the male bee are tasked with finding Honey is used to feed newly hatched eggs.

The male bees called drones look for honey in cooperation with mutually beneficial plant pollination which is called a mutualistiek symbiosis. Plants spread the scent, the drones using their radar are there to look for the scent and are able to fly 3 miles from the bee colony, then the male bees called drones sucking the honey provided by the flower, but the flower entrusts the stamens to be passed on to other plants by attaching the stamens to the pistil, then the pistil leaves and stays inside which becomes a fruit or new plant.

After the male bee, called a drone, has sucked the honey, it returns to the mother bee colony and breaks its stomach to release the honey. After the stomach breaks, the honey comes out and the drone in question dies so its job is finished, the honey is used to eat the eggs that are hatching;

The division of labor carried out by the bees was studied and followed by the British army for the delivery of weapons which was carried out by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, meaning unmanned aerial vehicles which have the connotation of flight security which are controlled by a computer placed on the device or can also be called Remotely Piloted Aircraft ( RPA) means a remotely controlled vehicle, for example operating in Afghanistan but controlled from New York in the United States. This was also done by the Kurds on October 5 2023 when the Syrian military academy was graduating, then a drone was sent which exploded in the middle of the graduation ceremony, causing casualties to the young officers who were graduating.

The British people are very grateful for the services of bee colonies which help pollinate fruit so that British people can enjoy strawberries etc. Collaboration between drones and plants plays an important role in pollinating/breeding plants, therefore corn trees cannot be good if there is only one corn tree.

Actually, before drone technology existed, there was aerial photography, however, aerial photography had many obstacles to remote sensing, then it was transferred to satellites known as remote sensing, but remote sensing also has international legal problems, in addition to technical problems. The legal problem of remote sensing is that it is carried out in space. outside but remotely on the surface of the earth so it conflicts with sovereignty in the air, while the technical problems resulting from remote sensing still require data on the ground, therefore developing drones by imitating the way a bee colony lives. Drones are the future of life, any activity that requires vision requires a drone as described below.

Use of Drones Drones for the Military

US MQ-9 Reaper Spy Drone

Drones To Carry Bio-Chemical Weapons

Drones for various life needs Drones for Transporting Goods

Regulations for Transport by Drones

Understanding Responsibility

Accountability

Responsibility

Liabilities

Legal Responsibility Concept

a. Liability Based on Fault.

(1). Errors and Losses

(2). Burden of Proof and Limit of Liability.

(3). Position of the Carrier with the Sender

b. Responsibility Presumption of Guilt (Presumption of Liability)

(1). Burden of Proof (burden of proof) Reverse

(2). Limited Liability (Limited Liability)

(3). Legal Protection (Legal Exoneration)

(4). Part of the Guilt (Contributory Negligence)

(5). Unlimited Liability (Unlimited Liability)

Legal Responsibility Without Guilt (Liability Without Fault)

d. Legal Teachings (Doctrine)

Drone Carrier Responsibilities Towards Shippers and Third Parties

Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution

Definition of non-litigation

Implementation of Arbitration Institution Disputes

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Consultation

Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation

Conclusions and recommendations

Conclusion

Based on the description above, it can be concluded that in Indonesia there has been a development of modes of transportation using drones, operating drones, manufacturing drones, using drones for various commercial, defense and security purposes and in the not too distant future using drones as commercial transportation in line with the growth of transportation. However, the use of drones for various purposes cannot be free from accidents which will cause losses to senders and third parties. Meanwhile, to date there are no regulations governing the responsibility of carriers who use drones for losses suffered by senders and/or third parties.

Suggestion

Based on the conclusions above, it is recommended to immediately regulate the responsibility of carriers who use drones for losses suffered by senders and/or third parties and conduct research on the parties responsible for third parties due to the operation of drones, whether the manufacturer (product liability) is internal/external. The country or owner or supplier or beneficiary is also responsible for third parties.

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